Moreover, monetary policy cannot be a long term substitute for structural reforms and sustainable budgets.

Increases in civil service salaries are not a sufficient policy response structural reforms also are needed.

In the second half of the 1980s, the government adopted structural adjustment measures and market oriented policy reforms.

EMU was designed to encourage structural reforms.

This isn t for lack of structural reforms.

Structural, administrative and legislative reforms are continuing.

3. Trade policies, structural adjustment and economic reform trade policy reforms in developing countries and the international support required.

Item 3. Trade policies, structural adjustment and economic reform trade policy reforms in developing countries and the international support required

Subprogramme 2. Effective structural and organizational reforms and

Individual countries would still need to undertake structural reforms.

Fiscal discipline remains essential, as are deep structural reforms.

In this climate, no progressive structural reforms are likely.

The country was also slow in implementing structural reforms.

A shadow or actual International Monetary Fund program would vastly enhance the credibility of a policy of fiscal retrenchment and structural reforms.

That policy, almost instantly dubbed Abenomics, comprises what have been called the three arrows bold monetary policy, an expansionary fiscal stance, and structural reforms to stimulate private investment.

The Spanish government announces additional fiscal cuts and structural reforms.

France urgently needs structural reforms and thus a strong government.

Europe s salvation now depends on a fundamental change in Germany s economic policy stance, and in France s position on political integration and structural reforms.

(b) Macroeconomic structural and policy analysis

9. A majority of the African countries are engaged in carrying out policy reforms, mostly in the context of structural adjustment programmes, with a view to improving the overall economic policy environment.

Nonetheless, years of political paralysis and postponed structural reforms have created vulnerabilities.

Structural reforms were rightly viewed as key factors for global economic recovery.

Significant changes have taken place, not only in terms of law reforms, but also at a structural level with the adoption of the national gender policy.

Most of them have over the recent past launched policy reforms, whether under internationally agreed frameworks for structural and sectoral adjustment or other, similar reform programmes.

This implies not only a sound macroeconomic policy framework, but also the need for structural adjustment and economic reforms to contend with the changing economic environment.

However, in the late 1980s, and especially in the 1990s, IMF financing was also increasingly made conditional on structural changes involving policy processes, legislation and institutional reforms.

So political constraints may prevent fiscal austerity and structural reforms from being implemented.

Strident calls for structural reforms mainly target labor markets, rather than product markets.

There are structural explanations for policy inaction as well.

Any loosening by the PBoC should not be used to avoid painful structural reforms.

For the uncompetitive parts of the eurozone, structural reforms can no longer be postponed.

So called structural reforms may help, but the likely gains are small and uncertain.

Likewise, key structural reforms in the judicial, health and public administration sectors were required.

These reforms incorporated both structural changes and changing the culture of the Department (para.

This might provide an incentive for continued implementation of structural reforms in the region.

From the doubling of the money supply to additional fiscal stimulus and wide ranging structural reforms, the new policy paradigm is nothing less than one of the boldest economic policy experiments in Japan s post war history.

In addition to maintaining sound public finances, German leaders implemented difficult structural reforms aimed at improving international competitiveness, including painful labor market reforms.

Now, the pressure is on for structural reforms covering everything from labor markets to taxation.

20. On all levels political, economic and social, fundamental structural reforms need to be undertaken.

Demographic developments alone require major reforms of social policy.

The process of policy reforms continues to gather momentum.

5. The international community should continue to support economic reforms through financial and technical assistance to overcome supply side constraints and social implications of structural reforms as well as to strengthen the capacity for policy formulation, institution building and human resource development.

These measures have been drawn from the National Health Policy, Education Sector Reforms, Labor Policy, Access to Justice Program, Police Reforms, Poverty Alleviation Program etc.

Even structural reforms that will eventually increase productivity growth can be recessionary in the short run.

But, during a period of weak domestic demand, structural reforms might actually exacerbate short term problems.