Domestic deflation means that the real interest rate on Japanese bonds is higher than the nominal rate.

The Committee is alarmed about the high rate of domestic violence, and in particular domestic violence against women.

In May 2006, the fairly free domestic interbank rate was just 1.62 , while the US Federal Funds rate was 5 .

Saving. A domestic saving rate in excess of 50 has served China well.

The Japanese government has been able to sell its bonds to domestic buyers because of the high rate of domestic saving.

One problem cited in many debtor countries was a low investment rate (and in some cases, a low domestic saving rate).

Or an undervalued exchange rate can help to export the lack of domestic demand.

Emerging market economies will take some steps, including interest rate cuts, to safeguard domestic growth.

The latter continues to climb at a rate much faster than that of domestic production.

Indeed, because capital inflows often cause the domestic exchange rate to appreciate, they encourage further spending on foreign goods as domestic producers become uncompetitive.

So bringing the savings rate down is necessary if domestic and external balances are to be achieved.

It intends to boost domestic demand and is committed to moving gradually toward greater exchange rate flexibility.

The claim that exchange rate appreciation will reduce a country s trade surplus is false, because, in globally integrated economies, domestic investment falls when the exchange rate appreciates.

But what China really needs is a greater effort to promote domestic consumption and lower the savings rate.

Short term flows not only wreak havoc with domestic macroeconomic management, but they also aggravate adverse exchange rate movements.

The second reason why China s political leaders might favor a stronger renminbi is to reduce China s own domestic inflation rate.

All of this implies that Latin American governments can no longer spend with little regard for the domestic saving rate.

Domestic financial reforms will focus on strengthening policy coordination and moving toward market determined interest rates and exchange rate flexibility.

At that time, the country's gross domestic product was growing at a remarkable rate and our future looked very promising.

Countries whose policies and economies are out of balance should change their policies, thereby restoring balance deficit countries should reduce the rate of growth of domestic spending below that of domestic production.

Indeed, with domestic oil consumption growing at a higher rate than production, government revenues from oil exports are already in decline.

Once the Chinese are confident about their domestic growth rate, they can allow the real value of the renminbi to rise.

Between 1970 and 1992 Botswana achieved an annual real growth rate of 12 per cent per year in gross domestic product.

The last time China saw such high growth in domestic investment, the savings rate was not as high as it is now.

The high illiteracy rate among working age women has numerous adverse effects on domestic health, children's education levels and overall economic development.

It is estimated that by the end of 2004 a growth rate of 4 in gross domestic product will have been achieved.

We have achieved near self sufficiency in food production, and the overall gross domestic product growth rate has reached 5 per cent.

Moreover, while exchange rate policy is not an instrument for dealing with China s domestic inflation, renminbi appreciation would certainly help the government meet its goal of keeping the annual rate below 4 in 2011.

(7) The Committee is concerned about the high rate of domestic violence and regrets the lack of specific legal provisions and governmental programmes to prevent, combat and eliminate domestic violence (article 3 of the Covenant).

Moves toward increased exchange rate flexibility in China and other Asian countries, supported by financial sector reform, will have domestic and global benefits.

(d) Conducting studies on member States' policies on growth, economic reforms, domestic resource mobilization, international financial flows, external debt and exchange rate management

But this can and should be addressed by domestic policies aimed at bringing about structural change, not by external policies like exchange rate appreciation.

Also surprising is the increase in Argentina s domestic savings rate, which has enabled self financing of investment which has doubled and, paradoxically, capital outflows.

Simply put, if a country can improve its domestic balance, it will become more balanced externally, regardless of how little the exchange rate changes.

Without first rate expertise in debt management, an economy implementing large scale public outlays risks crowding out private investment through overreliance on domestic savings.

First, in the last 10 years we have achieved a sustained growth rate of over 5 per cent of our gross domestic product (GDP).

During the financial year 2004 2005, Pakistan's gross domestic product had increased 8.4 per cent, the highest growth rate of the previous two decades.

This regime prevents the central bank the People s Bank of China (PBC) from taking appropriate policy decisions to manage domestic demand, because interest rate hikes could encourage capital inflows and put further pressure on the exchange rate.

Standard rate Reduced rate

The average real growth rate was 4.5 per cent, whereas the rate of inflation was lowered and stabilized at less than 5 per cent. The budget deficit remained less than 5 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP).

If they let the exchange rate rise, they might deter some capital inflows, but they would also penalize their exporters and push up domestic unemployment.

These policies are motivated by domestic considerations, as the Chinese government seeks to raise living standards more rapidly than the moderating growth rate of GDP.

10. According to ECLAC statistics gross domestic product (GDP) grew 4.8 per cent in 1992, a rate significantly higher than the average for the 1980s.

Rate means annual growth rate.

After Black Wednesday, it became conventional wisdom that it was simply impossible to fix both the exchange rate and domestic monetary conditions at the same time.