But climate change mitigation and adaptation are costly.

Adaptation must be a vital part of the negotiations. So must mitigation.

Support by farmers' organizations of individual farmers in adaptation and mitigation initiatives

Possible areas of work on technologies for adaptation should be further discussed Mitigation and adaptation further understanding of the cross cutting nature of mitigation and adaptation technologies and to what extent they can be considered as complementary activities is recommended.

Increased funding opportunities are needed for climate change adaptation as well as mitigation measures.

Costs associated with climate change mitigation and adaptation already represent an added burden for farmers.

(ii) Supporting the implementation of monitoring and early warning systems and of relevant mitigation and adaptation technologies

Several sources of financing for adaptation and mitigation efforts in developing countries could be made operational relatively quickly.

Agriculture was cited as a typical sector having considerable potential not only for integration of mitigation and adaptation but also for integration of mitigation into economic and rural development.

Mr. Noble noted that funds for mitigation and adaptation to climate change are limited and must be used effectively.

To be sure, the issues are complex and difficult, especially those of financing adaptation and mitigation efforts in poorer countries.

Some participants said synergies between mitigation and adaptation are important, while others said that coordination rather than synergies were important.

However, no matter how significant their efforts, farmers and their organizations cannot bear the responsibility of adaptation and mitigation alone.

First, policy frameworks for addressing climate change impacts and adaptation measures are often incomplete and second, government policy frameworks and regulation objectives are often inconsistent with climate change adaptation and mitigation goals.

The adoption of mitigation and adaptation policies is the responsibility of Governments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

He pointed out that conducting a TNA for technologies for adaptation is more complex and challenging than for mitigation technologies and highlighted several key aspects in the identification of technology needs for adaptation.

She said that Uruguay developed a programme of measures for mitigation and adaptation that includes vulnerability analysis, and identified adaptation measures for agriculture, biodiversity, coastal resources, water resources, fishery resources, and human health.

Some Parties also provided a detailed breakdown of research initiatives and results of research studies into climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation.

Small island developing States like mine have often indicated our concern with adaptation to and mitigation of the effects of climate change.

Mr. William Kojo Agyemang Bonsu, Ghana, said his expectations focused on identifying technologies that can promote both climate change mitigation and adaptation activities.

Funds are needed to invest in new low carbon energy sources, reforestation and protection of rain forests, land use changes, and adaptation and mitigation.

One of the key answers for farmers with respect to climate change mitigation and adaptation lies in the development of sustainable sources of energy.

To preserve the livelihoods of farmers and support the growing world population, adaptation and mitigation measures are both essential responses in planning for climate change.

Appropriate policies and regulations that are needed to create incentives and remove barriers to climate change adaptation and mitigation have not always been fully implemented.

The amounts needed for development, peacekeeping, and climate adaptation and mitigation will be enormous, and we have been debating for years the appropriate level of aid.

Noting that most countries adopted a sectoral approach for TNAs, he outlined criteria for prioritizing options and the share of adaptation and mitigation options by sector.

mitigation

These included inter ministerial climate change coordination committees, technical working groups undertaking specific studies on inventories, mitigation, vulnerability and adaptation, and climate research centres coordinating national studies.

Most of the research activities reported as ongoing or planned were linked to vulnerability and adaptation assessments and mitigation activities, such as energy conservation, efficiency and related technologies.

Disaster mitigation

Policy instruments based on carbon pricing are particularly attractive, because they raise revenue for adaptation to climate change in developing countries while creating incentives for mitigation in developed countries.

If significant financial resources are to be generated for mitigation and adaptation, developing countries will want a representative say in how that money is to be allocated and spent.

But if you are like me, and want to minimize the damage to people and all other living things on Earth, then you choose mitigation and, where necessary, adaptation.

Scientific, technical and socio economic aspects of impacts of, and vulnerability and adaptation to, climate change Scientific, technical and socio economic aspects of mitigation of climate change Methodological issues

Parties expressed the need for support in developing professional training packages on GHG inventories, education, training and public awareness, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, mitigation assessments and technology needs assessments.

The choices, singly or in combination, are 1) nothing (the current response) 2) mitigation (reducing emissions of greenhouse gases) 3) attempted adaptation to the ongoing climate changes and 4) geoengineering.

Prevention and mitigation

Adaptation Fund

Climate Change 2001 Mitigation.

The Adaptation Imperative

(d) Technology adaptation

VI. Adaptation measures

(c) adaptation measures

approach to adaptation

VII. Adaptation measures