1. Exposures from natural sources

periods of exposure to natural sources Basis

Equivalent period of exposure to natural sources

1. Exposures from natural sources . 118 120 25

Annual effective doses to adults from natural sources

Some sources of exposure, for example, natural sources, can be viewed as continuing at a constant level.

However, there are no significant natural sources of this substance on Earth.

a Doses due to adventitious exposures to natural sources are not included.

For this limited group, the exposures are similar to those from natural sources.

For small subgroups, occupational exposures are about five times those from natural sources.

Table 1 shows typical average annual effective doses in adults from the principal natural sources.

One way of providing a perspective on the implications of man made radiation sources is to compare the resulting doses with those from natural sources.

On a global basis, this accident corresponded to about 20 days apos exposure to natural sources.

Some sources define egalitarianism as the point of view that equality reflects the natural state of humanity.

(c) Renewable sources of energy will be included as a component of the natural capital group of indicators.

While some of these sources are natural features of the environment, others are the result of human activities.

Because this method does not involve engineering in a tag, it can be used for proteins from natural sources.

It is also a region endowed with many natural resources, including mineral wealth, agricultural land and sources of energy.

Sources of support can be natural (e.g., family and friends) or more formal (e.g., mental health specialists or community organizations).

As for natural capital, the World Bank has so far limited itself to the atmosphere as a sink for carbon dioxide, oil, and natural gas, and forests as sources of timber.

Excluding severe accidents, the doses to the most highly exposed individuals do not exceed, and rarely approach, doses from natural sources.

Both figures are of the same order of magnitude as the effective dose from a single year of exposure to natural sources.

Observations can be made of general levels of haze, and both meteorological and remote sensing satellite imagery show plumes or clouds of dust or smoke from extensive natural sources and, in some cases, from industrial point sources.

Ecological engineering was introduced by Howard Odum and others as utilizing natural energy sources as the predominant input to manipulate and control environmental systems.

One major exception is the large workforce exposed to enhanced levels of radiation from natural sources, for example, in parts of the extractive industries.

Finland lacks domestic sources of fossil energy and must import substantial amounts of petroleum, natural gas, and other energy resources, including uranium for nuclear power.

The range of this extrapolation is not large, because the small doses of interest are superimposed on the inescapable doses due to natural radiation sources.

Sources

Sources

Sources

Light sources There are many sources of light.

35. All living organisms are exposed to radiation from natural sources (cosmic rays and the natural radionuclides present in all components of the terrestrial and aquatic environments) and from local, regional and global contamination arising from human activities.

The annual collective dose from these natural sources is estimated to be about 8,600 man Sv, with the main contribution coming from underground, non uranium mining.

The collective dose committed over 10,000 years by atmospheric nuclear testing is fairly uniformly distributed and corresponds to about 2.3 years apos exposure to natural sources.

Sources UNFPA.

Sources UNFPA.

Other sources

International sources

Regional sources

Media Sources

BF Sources

Input Sources

Reindent Sources

Channel Sources

Data Sources