People can exchange their knowhow, learn from each other, and trade.

Deng accurately foresaw a vast exchange of students, modern technology, and trade.

Exchange rates are just one of many factors that affect trade balances.

Protectionism, trade restrictions and foreign exchange controls should all be phased out.

To be sure, the exchange rate has an impact on investment and trade.

So relying on exchange rates to influence trade balances is a zero sum game.

These large foreign exchange reserves are no longer held to buffer temporary trade imbalances.

exchange rate and trade policies, or even the complete set of fiscal policy instruments.

The North American Free Trade area increased trade among Canada, Mexico, and the US, all of which have separately floating exchange rates.

The trade weighted exchange rates (trade conversion factors), calculated separately for exports and imports, will continue to be applied by both organizations.

China's Dalian Commodity Exchange, three years ago, 2004, overtook the Chicago Board of Trade to become the second largest commodity exchange in the world.

Foster consultations, cooperation and exchange of experiences including of success stories on South South trade.

Countries spend years negotiating trade rules, but exchange rate movements can, within days, have a greater impact on trade than those painstaking deals.

The first is that there is no mechanism linking world trade rules to exchange rate movements.

The claim that exchange rate appreciation will reduce a country s trade surplus is false, because, in globally integrated economies, domestic investment falls when the exchange rate appreciates.

He will hear for himself the strength of American arguments about trade and the renminbi s exchange rate.

Many factors other than exchange rates affect a country s trade balance. A key determinant is national savings.

Exchange rate tensions are leading to currency wars, which may eventually lead to trade wars and protectionism.

4.1 Establishment of a common database and a system of data exchange in trade and economic spheres.

The main instruments for such developments are freer global trade and a more open exchange of ideas.

The North American fur trade was the industry and activities related to the acquisition, trade, exchange, and sale of animal furs in the North American continent.

Apart from problems of exchange rate conversion, data on inter republic trade are not strictly comparable with those on foreign trade, owing to differences in valuation procedures.

These data demonstrate conclusively that the exchange rate centered theory of the trade imbalance does not match reality.

In reality, of course, a single currency or fixed exchange rate is not needed for trade to flourish.

Not surprisingly, the empirical evidence that trade imbalances can be resolved through exchange rate changes alone is unconvincing.

But in Russia, there is no trade off between the two, at least not using the exchange rate.

These data demonstrate conclusively that the exchange rate centered theory of the trade imbalance does not match reality. China s economy over the past two years has become much more balanced in its external trade relationships, despite there being no significant exchange rate adjustments.

(b) Coordinating within regional networks to exchange information on licit and illicit trade. Consideration may be given to setting up databases on illegal trade in the regional networks.

Despite tight monetary policy and foreign exchange regulations, the scheme has boosted trade and investment while reducing intraregional indebtedness.

The renminbi dollar exchange rate is, of course, only part of the story of what drives China s trade competitiveness.

In fact, however, exchange rates will change and need to change in order to shrink the existing trade imbalances.

Moreover, a change in China s exchange rate would do little to alter the multilateral trade deficit in the US.

Oil production and exports have increased along with the number of employment opportunities, income and trade exchange for Iraqis.

Urge the cooperation between states in developing cultural, scientific, and trade exchange programs to strengthen the understating between cultures.

43. Lastly, in some cases special trade agreements or concessionary sales may alter the foreign exchange effects of tobacco.

Chile has also signed agreements on economic exchange and free trade with most of the countries of the region.

In short, for policies affecting the exchange rate to become part of trade agreements, monetary and fiscal policies would have to become part of trade agreements. In that case, there would be no trade agreements at all.

Even with its recent strengthening, the renminbi is within a balanced exchange rate band that is appropriate to its foreign trade balance still, China s economy could not bear sharp exchange rate appreciation.

In that context, use should be made of technologies disseminated in the Trade Efficiency Programme and the Trade Points established thereunder for the exchange of information and of training material

Indeed, climate change is now included in all major bilateral discussions, alongside trade, exchange rates, human rights, and energy security.

13. Another feature affecting savings and foreign exchange earnings is the continuing fall in Africa apos s terms of trade.

Globalized production platforms distort bilateral trade data between the US and China, and have little to do with the exchange rate.

In hindsight, these exchange rate swings mirrored the initial collapse and subsequent rebound in global trade, helping to mitigate the recession.

To judge whether their prices are too high at the existing exchange rate we have to look at the trade balance.

When demands for China to adjust its exchange rate began during George W. Bush s administration, its multilateral trade surplus was small.