(a) Service contracts involving large shippers

(b) Service contracts involving small shippers

Establishment of the Palestinian Shippers Council (PSC).

Often, the big shippers are themselves carriers, namely freight forwarders, who do not operate any vessels, but have contracted with smaller shippers to transport the cargo from door to door.

So the shippers can see... we'll take no more orders from Johnny Friendly.

It was suggested that this approach better reflected the current economic balance between carriers and shippers, while the adoption of the one way mandatory approach was described as providing shippers with unnecessary protection.

If we pull a walkout, it might be a few bucks from the shippers.

4. Cooperation between Governments and commercial shippers should be facilitated and advanced by all possible means.

Large shippers are just as able to effectively safeguard their interests in contractual negotiations, as are large carriers.

Shippers today are claimed to have equal commercial power with carriers to influence carriage arrangements and sometimes greater influence than carriers.

Rather than being primarily geared to protecting shippers and third party consignees, the draft instrument, based on the assumption that market conditions have changed somewhat over the years, appears to aim for a substantive liability regime to regulate the relationship between shippers and carriers as equal negotiating partners.

(e) Conference on maritime law organized by the Nigeria Shippers Council, held at the Abuja Sheraton Hotel from 25 28 February 1997.

A non mandatory approach would be no problem between parties with equal bargaining power, but it would be a problem in relation to small shippers.

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In relation to these contracts, however, there is no room for adopting an approach less protective of shippers and third party consignees than existing maritime liability regimes.

Therefore, the freight forwarders who select shippers for UNICEF should be contracted on a competitive basis to ensure the realization of value for money in shipping activities.

The initiative for such initial investments could come from transport service providers, such as ports, or also from shippers, who had an interest in more efficient transit corridors.

In this opinion it is thought that should an approach as found in A CN.9 WG.III WP.34 be accepted, small shippers would not be properly protected.

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Australia was seeking a regime that would strike a fair balance between the interests of shippers and carriers which was crucial if the instrument was to be widely accepted.

Mauritius Declaration.

Ministerial declaration

Solemn declaration

Salamanca Declaration

Doha Declaration

Ministerial declaration

3.4 Declaration

Sintra Declaration

Sanya declaration

Bangkok Declaration

Mauritius Declaration

Hyogo Declaration

Hyogo Declaration

object declaration

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pigment declaration

normal declaration

finish declaration

interior declaration

media declaration

rainbow declaration

fog declaration