The polarization of borrowing costs has politically explosive distributional effects Germany is borrowing and refinancing its existing debt at artificially low interest rates.

First, the domestic interest groups that benefit from low borrowing costs have become a barrier to their liberalization.

Strong economic performance reflects strong domestic demand in the US, owing to low borrowing costs and rising asset prices.

Spanish borrowing costs are also rising.

Their finance ministers, while euphoric at their countries record low borrowing costs, must have understood that it might not last.

The important exception to this pattern is Germany, which was accustomed to low borrowing costs even before it entered the eurozone.

Long term government bond yields are already very low, and a further reduction will not significantly change private agents borrowing costs.

And countries facing depressions and rapidly weakening inflation typically face very low borrowing costs investors purchase government bonds for want of profitable alternatives.

But eurozone members that currently benefit from exceptionally low borrowing costs Germany, Austria, Finland, the Netherlands, and, to a lesser extent, France maintain that Italian and Spanish borrowing costs largely reflect these countries failure to reform their economies and strengthen their public finances.

Meanwhile, high domestic borrowing costs are undermining private investment.

With a modest fiscal deficit, record low borrowing costs, and a huge current account surplus, Germany has the financial firepower to unleash a significant stimulus.

High borrowing costs are needed to focus minds and instill discipline.

Our borrowing costs were skyrocketing, and we were facing possible default.

That drives up affected governments borrowing costs further, fueling a downward spiral.

Borrowing costs for the Spanish and Italian governments have similarly fallen dramatically.

In these circumstances, continuing to raise borrowing costs would be a mistake.

The result was a dramatic reduction in the British state s borrowing costs and the emergence of a well functioning capital market, which caused private borrowing costs to fall as well.

Eurobonds would cut borrowing costs for the European Union s two large troubled members.

As long as investors believe that Italy and Spain will eventually be rescued by the OMT, these countries borrowing costs will be low, and the rescue will not be needed.

And raising borrowing costs for governments with dangerously heavy debts thereby discouraging them from further borrowing is precisely what we should want to do.

Third, government could assume part of a mortgage, taking advantage of its lower borrowing costs.

There would be worries that adding cocos to sovereign bonds might raise governments borrowing costs.

Low interest rates mean that the additional debt burdens that public borrowing will create can remain manageable.

Production or labour costs constitute only a relatively low proportion of their total operational costs.

It is no secret that sovereign bonds carry significantly higher borrowing costs than concessional debt does.

A default would also appropriately place part of the costs of Greece s borrowing spree on creditors.

The costs of media for serious games is very low.

Too many big investors can no longer meet their margin calls, while borrowing costs have risen sharply.

The steady increase in production costs, partly attributable to high borrowing costs, is squeezing enterprises profit margins of small and medium sized enterprises in particular.

debt service coverage reduces the financial risk to investors and translates into lower borrowing costs for the borrower.

Others strongly disagree, noting the continued low level of interest rates, and that even under the previous government s plan, net borrowing costs were already scheduled to fall by nearly two thirds between 2010 11 and 2014 15.

These interest rates must be brought down through ECB purchases of government bonds on the secondary market until low enough announced target levels for borrowing costs are reached, and or by the use of European Stability Mechanism resources.

In nominal terms, Italian and Spanish borrowing costs are indeed comparable to the levels of the late 1990 s.

Latin America s low personal debt levels have created an opportunity to build a constructive culture of borrowing while expanding economic opportunity.

Thus, they run the risk that a spike in interest rates would feed back relatively quickly into higher borrowing costs.

Time and again, banks woes have affected governments borrowing costs, and concerns over governments solvency have affected banks balance sheets.

Debtor countries pay substantial risk premiums to finance their debt, which is reflected in their high economy wide borrowing costs.

The fundamental problem for Greece is its bloated fiscal commitments, enabled by lower borrowing costs when it joined the euro.

Health care costs in the US are exorbitant, with low value for money.

Interest rate spreads for Italy and Spain are widening again, while borrowing costs for Portugal and Greece remained high all along.

The collapse of credit made matters worse and firms, facing high borrowing costs and declining markets, responded quickly, cutting back inventories.

No one should expect that the costs of combating climate change will be low.

There are also quasi fiscal costs involved. Fortunately, despite the low returns on foreign assets, this is not yet a major problem for China, owing to the low costs of the corresponding PBOC liabilities.

We all know that clean energy products, technologies, tend to be characterized by a higher upfront costs, but very low operating costs.

A reduction in borrowing costs constituted a powerful motive in the 1990 s for southern European governments to join the monetary union.