Child labour, education and indigenous and tribal peoples

Modalities of indigenous children being involved in child labour.

Research on indigenous peoples and forced labour in Latin America

Testing indigenous community driven education approaches against child labour in the Philippines

(b) The International Labour Organization Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169).

In Bolivia, a different study has also documented the existence of forced labour against indigenous people.

(n)bis. Recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples and workers consistent with relevant International Labour Office Conventions.

ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989 (No. 169) A Manual (Geneva, International Labour Office, 2003)

There is an expressed need to link child labour to broader structural challenges facing indigenous and tribal peoples, such as forced labour, land rights, development planning and local governance.

The Committee welcomes the State party's ratification in 2002 of International Labour Organization Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) concerning indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries.

Recalling the Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, 1989 (No. 169), of the International Labour Organization,

Within this framework, the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour is implementing a number of initiatives to combat child labour through education, specifically aimed at indigenous children and youth.

The framework included human rights labour standards, non discrimination, human rights security training, involuntary settlement, indigenous peoples and local communities.

Often the projects required by indigenous communities are relatively small scale and make use of locally available skills and labour.

The importance of a rights based approach to combating child labour in indigenous communities, taking into account indigenous rights enshrined in international law, in particular relevant articles of ILO Convention No. 169.

1. Indigenous individuals and peoples have the right to enjoy fully all rights established under applicable international and domestic labour law.

In many rural indigenous communities, the use of child labour in agricultural work and related activities is essential for families' survival.

Child labour and education should be integrated into a broader indigenous child rights agenda to guarantee sustainability of the ongoing efforts.

3. Indigenous individuals have the right not to be subjected to any discriminatory conditions of labour and, inter alia, employment or salary.

In 2001, 44.6 per cent of indigenous women were participating in the labour force, an increase of 42.6 per cent in 1996.

The experiences of projects aimed at the elimination of child labour through education in indigenous communities highlight a number of issues pertaining to indigenous education that are worth highlighting for further consideration by the Forum

However, the main focus on indigenous and tribal peoples falls within the second element of ILO work working towards the elimination of child labour.

Panama, Peru and Venezuela have all given legal recognition to indigenous peoples and have also ratified to International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 169.

More particularly, in the centres of illegal gold prospecting, there is evidence that indigenous children and adolescents are subjected to labour exploitation and the worst forms of child labour, including servitude and slavery, child prostitution, trafficking and sale.

Results usually show that child labour rates are higher among indigenous children and that, in turn, their school attendance rates are lower, especially among girls.

INDISCO has also been continuing its work in the Philippines in cooperation with the International Programme to Eliminate Child Labour to prevent and eliminate child labour among indigenous communities through community driven and culturally appropriate education and livelihoods support.

The Forum on Indigenous Issues is deeply concerned that particular problems and discrimination are faced by indigenous children and youth, including in the areas of education, health, culture, extreme poverty, mortality, sexual exploitation, militarization, displacement, incarceration, labour and others.

ILO International Labour Office International Labour Organization

Given that indigenous and tribal children are at special risk for the worst forms of child labour, it is essential that the development of programmes to combat child labour take into account the social and economic marginalization of these peoples.

Another effort that has been made towards a better understanding of the reality of child labour in indigenous communities was the conduct of two specific studies.

Some examples are the studies on child domestic labour in Guatemala and Peru, where a high proportion of indigenous girls was identified working under unacceptable conditions.

Making education more suitable for indigenous peoples is a means to build the capacity to take primary responsibility for the prevention and elimination of child labour.

States were called on to ratify, as soon as possible, the International Labour Organization Convention No. 169 (1989) concerning indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries.

The Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues is deeply concerned that particular problems and discrimination are faced by indigenous children and youth, including in the areas of education, health, culture, extreme poverty, mortality, sexual exploitation, militarization, displacement, incarceration, labour and others.

Labour

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Labour!

Indigenous children's education and indigenous languages

The objective should be protection from the negative effects of child labour so that indigenous children and youth can receive education and develop their potential without discrimination.

It also met with various sectors of society, including churches, business and labour organizations, the media, organizations representing indigenous communities and representatives of refugee and displaced populations.

Specifically why do we find children from specific indigenous groups in certain sectors of child labour? To what extent do poverty factors prevail over tradition and cultural factors?

Indigenous issues had first been addressed during the 1950s by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and in the 1970s, by the human rights organizations of the United Nations.

It also emphasizes relevant activities within the ILO apos s programmes concerning women, indigenous and tribal peoples, labour intensive infrastructure development, and the rural and urban informal sectors.

Moreover, the Ministry of Social Welfare and the Ministry of Labour were working constantly to promote the human rights of indigenous peoples, who were internationally protected by specific agreements such as Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization (ILO), which Ecuador had ratified.

Child labour