Also driving China s high investment rate is the declining efficiency of investment capital, reflected in China s high incremental capital output ratio (annual investment divided by annual output growth).

. According to the report, the South African economy has shown a steady increase in the capital to labour ratio, in particular between 1960 and 1985, and a high capital to output ratio.

A measure of the scant effectiveness of Albania apos s capital stock is provided by comparing the inverse of the marginal capital output ratio (MCOR) with that of the LDCs.

They calculated that 75 to 80 of economic growth did not come from increasing the capital output ratio at least not if the private marginal product of capital was taken as an indicator of the social marginal product.

That said, the ratio of capital formation does require careful monitoring.

It may even be a one to one ratio on the energy input and the energy output.

Rapid output growth without equally rapid capital stock or employment growth must have reflected rapid productivity growth.

Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms.

This is reflected in the current investment ratio for real capital assets of 43 of GDP, compared to 4.3 investment in human capital in the form of education.

Overall, the rapid decline in the savings ratio was exacerbated by the increasing dearth of capital inflows to Africa.

That way, the debt GDP ratio declines because the denominator (economic output) increases, not because the numerator (the total the government has borrowed) declines.

With an investment rate of 50 and a GDP growth rate of 8 , the incremental capital output ratio could be higher than six, compared to 4.1 in 1991 2003, implying not only low efficiency, but also the possibility of a significant increase in nonperforming loans.

First, prolonged unemployment destroys not just current but also potential output by eroding the human capital of the unemployed.

During that year, the ratio was one doctor to 460 inhabitants in Nouméa and one to 2,097 outside the capital.

Because of the capital utilization effect, the capital labor ratio would not, in fact, decline, and hence there would be no significant effect on the marginal productivity of hours worked.

In fact, as China undergoes a process of capital deepening (increasing capital per worker), even more investment is needed to contribute to higher output and technological advancement in various sectors.

With a lower capital stock, output would trend downward, reducing government revenues and substantially offsetting the direct gain from the tax.

Output specification when the underlying utility writes output data to its standard output.

Rather than recognizing the beauty of laws otherwise discovered, we use principles of beauty vast symmetry and a high ratio of output to input to enable discovery.

Ratio

Instead, the keys to growth and development appeared to lie beyond an increase in capital intensity as measured by capital output ratios skills, education, technology broadly understood, and improvements in organizational management.

That same ratio or use that same ratio

Output

Output

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Output

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output

For starters, it is likely that the contribution to output growth of the rising ratio of working age people prior to 2010 was overestimated. That makes the subsequent decline in the ratio an inaccurate measure with which to determine the negative impact on economic performance.

This will raise actual output to the level of potential output, thereby closing the output gap.

Aspect ratio

Aspect ratio

Keep ratio

Aspect ratio

Golden Ratio

Custom ratio

Staff ratio

Share Ratio

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