In contrast, production of tradeable goods largely based on primary commodities in Africa has tended to work against women, who predominate in the production of non tradeable food crops.

36. The issue of commodities was of great concern to the developing countries, since in many of them, the production and export of commodities were the principal activities generating income, employment, savings and external resources.

Regarding commodities, some ministers expressed concern about the declining terms of trade for commodity exporters, noting that this was especially serious in Africa, where most people were dependent on the production of commodities for their livelihood.

(e) Furthermore, non renewable energy minerals are also used for the production of other products and as a substitute for other commodities.

Number of commodities

For agricultural commodities, production is heavily constrained by soil, water and climate, while for minerals it is constrained by the existence of minable deposits.

Commodities

Commodities

Procurement of basic commodities

Precious commodities

and Commodities

Institute Commodities

Commodities 25.3

(d) Commodities

(c) COMMODITIES

(c) COMMODITIES

Funds generated through monetization of WFP commodities have been used to establish revolving credit programmes to help the beneficiaries to increase their production or establish small enterprises.

Reaffirm the policy decisions of the Governments of the Caribbean Community to diversify their economies in order to reduce their dependence on the production of a limited number of commodities

57 236. Commodities

58 204. Commodities

61 190. Commodities

59 224. Commodities

55 183. Commodities

Commodities in crisis

Subprogramme 2. Commodities

SUBPROGRAMME 2. COMMODITIES

quot (c) Commodities

88 (c). Commodities

Even broad concepts of development, which include improvements in social indicators such as reduced infant mortality and increased life expectancy and school enrolment, remain based in the production of commodities.

The production and export of commodities was of primary importance to LDCs, since the share of commodity exports as a percentage of their total export revenue was often above 90 per cent.

Several factors contributed to the crisis, including high oil prices, high demand for crops from the bio fuel sector, falling global stockpiles of food commodities, and lower cereal production.

Of course, not all commodities are equal.

(i) Reduce the overdependence of African economies on too limited numbers of commodities by spreading their risk exposure to a wider range of commodities with the promotion and development of non traditionally produced commodities

Commodities on the Rise

POST REQUIREMENTS Programme Commodities

Africa apos s economy is essentially agrarian and very dependent on the production of agricultural commodities for the survival of the continent apos s teeming populations and for earning scarce foreign currency.

(b) Projects should promote horizontal diversification (into other commodities) vertical diversification (into the processing of commodities) or new end uses

A Doha agreement would greatly reduce rich world subsidies, which have stymied the developing world s production capacity, and have pushed developing country producers completely out of the market for certain commodities.

Significant expansion has also occurred in the production and trade of off season temperate commodities (e.g. french beans and strawberries) as well as more tropical products (e.g. chilies, okra and karela).

(vii) continue efforts to make effective international commodities agreements concluded under the guidance of the United Nations intended to promote and improve production and trade of primary products of vital interest to developing countries.

Stock, commodities, and future exchanges

Item 3 Commodities and development

Precious commodities and terrorist financing

(b) Agenda 21 and commodities

B. Agenda 21 and commodities