Reporting costs Sundry Hospitality UNEP participation costs (external projects)

Total costs of External relations and public information 420,900

The effect of internalization of external costs on sustainable development.

Moreover, policies to internalize external environmental costs may affect competitiveness.

The effect of internalization of external costs on sustainable development.

The production costs include external printing, contractual services or temporary staff.

(UN A 01 052) External printing costs Office of Conference Services

Estimated production and staff costs for the edition released in 1992 totalled US 103,000 (costs for external printing amounted to US 50,000 and for external translation to US 12,000).

This object of expenditure includes costs for external editing, translation and printing.

All costs for printing and distribution are borne by the external publisher.

59. Most SIDS suffer from the disadvantages of high external transport costs.

Item 4 Sustainable development the effect of internalization of external costs on sustainable development

As these costs are external to the costs people and companies pay to operate, they are in economic terms known as externalities .

Unfavourable external factors might prolong the time frame of adjustment and worsen its social costs.

17. The estimated requirements for contractual services ( 256,100) relate to external printing and binding costs.

All these costs are covered with means external to the budget of the Defence Ministry.

It does not include any programme or project costs which would be funded by external donors.

In paragraph 827, the Board noted that the costs for external translations have decreased since 2000.

9. External environmental costs frequently arise from the techniques of production rather than from the product.

Cost figures for the Department of Public Information are given for identifiable direct costs, such as external printing and external translation as well as for estimated internal costs attributable to the preparation and production of the publications within the Department.

Network external activity costs 11 756 3 471 1 964 1 516 175 912 1 564 21 358

During the biennium, external costs totalling 9,697,182 (1991 7,685,174) were recovered and credited as income of the Fund.

Where sustainable development was concerned, the Board had recognized the importance of the internalization of external environmental costs.

The reduction in the estimated costs of external audit reflects a reduced provision by the Board of Auditors ( 27,000).

External trade has been reduced considerably, transport costs have increased immensely, and other indirect damage has occurred as well.

Production costs for the 24 issues released in 1992 amounted to US 991,000, including US 62,500 for external printing.

16. The estimated requirements for contractual services relate to external printing and binding costs and would amount to 266,500.

The provision of external funds will call for the usual audit requirements, a situation which will raise the overhead costs.

Market based economic instruments are often the most cost efficient and create a continuing incentive to reduce external environmental costs.

Project budgets were charged an assessed amount to cover external costs that were not met by the Special Voluntary Fund.

Estimated staff costs attributable to the Department for the edition (78 pages) in the three languages amounted to US 36,000 (including costs for translation and indexing of US 20,000). Costs for external printing amounted to US 35,000, bringing the total estimated costs of the publication to US 71,000.

That evaluation should include, inter alia, a breakdown of the costs incurred by external firms with an indication of which costs relate to field offices and which to the regional service centres.

Too often in the past, external cooperation has been applied to peripheral issues with little regard to costs, including opportunity costs, especially when these were incurred in the currency of the donor country.

The provision under audit costs reflected a reduction in the costs of both external and internal audit, reflecting the resource levels recommended by the Board of Auditors and the Office of Internal Oversight Services.

Faced with sluggish external demand, weak domestic consumption, rising labor costs, and low productivity, China depends excessively on investment to drive economic growth.

Estimated production and staff costs for the edition released in 1992 amounted to US 132,000 (including costs for external printing of the four coloured cover of US 4,000) the 504 page publication was printed internally.

8.137 Furthermore, within staff costs, the 103,200 provision is proposed for external expertise for research, writing and design of information materials for Africa Recovery.

Prior to this decision, 85 per cent of the income accruing to the Special Voluntary Fund was used to meet external costs of volunteers.

Workload costs Workload costs Workload costs

72. One of the motives for many developing countries to estimate the costs of reaching their goals is the hope of attracting additional external resources.

External

External

External

costs costs Total

They have to cut wages, pensions, and other costs in order to achieve the same gain in competitiveness needed to substitute external demand for internal demand.