Export credit agencies (ECAs) are a case in point.

When private banks' willingness to lend returned, multilateral development banks or export credit agencies could reduce their exposure.

A network of export credit agencies, efficient payment and credit guarantee arrangements, and local banks supporting trade capacity building institutions are a few options that may be considered.

This can be done directly on a bilateral basis, for example, through long term loans from developed countries export credit agencies.

One key reason and certainly not the only one is that neither banks nor export credit agencies wished to take a disproportionate loss and give a financial advantage to their competitors.

The credit rating agencies would probably evaluate the United Nations for credit rating purposes based on various criteria, including

However, as we enter CAFTA DR, the credit rating and export promotion agencies of the developed countries have assigned us a risk rating less favourable than what we consider it should be.

The credit ratings agencies have been held accountable in two private suits.

This would, among other things, reduce the role of credit rating agencies.

For example, House Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Tom Lantos has introduced legislation that would extend the extra territorial reach of US law to foreign governments export credit agencies, financial institutions, insurers, underwriters, and guarantors.

The United Nations goal with respect to the credit rating would be to convince the credit rating agencies to treat the borrowing as quasi sovereign for credit rating purposes.

ICTs enabled finance tools include credit or payment cards for export financing or short term working capital.

AID is currently participating in a US 500 million mixed credit programme with the Export Import Bank.

Beyond the provision of cheap credit and concessional loans is the global export of China s way of doing business.

Restrictions on dealing with Lebanon have been lifted and export credit guarantees have been reinstated by the main industrialized countries.

ECAs are meant to cover their costs from fees and charges, although because of the debt crisis of developing countries and economies in transition, export credit agencies have had to pay out claims well in excess of their premium income.

The success of that project would depend on support from multilateral credit agencies and bilateral cooperation bodies.

Some ECAs have adopted new arrangements to reduce the risk to lenders that seem to compromise the nature of export credit finance.

One way of addressing this problem may be for public institutions, including multilateral development banks and export credit agencies, to introduce explicit counter cyclical elements in the risk evaluations they make for the purpose of issuing guarantees for lending to developing countries.

Moreover, several African countries have received ratings from credit agencies, which has opened up global financial centers to them.

Moreover, credit rating agencies had serious conflicts of interest, because they received fees from the managers of these instruments.

Some of these studies are on foods produced for export and are derived from agencies focused on food exports.

In the case of the United States, the Department of Commerce lists 161 export programmes administered by different agencies.

The second shaky principle is that, in order to validate these instruments, issuers of CDOs relied on credit rating agencies.

If Europe wants to devise its own rules for credit rating agencies and hedge funds, it should simply go ahead.

Bond investors heavy reliance on credit rating agencies, which tend to be laxer with powerful issuers, has not been fixed.

The obligations of certain organizations, such as the World Bank, are defined as quasi sovereign by the credit ratings agencies.

17. The Government had planned to import that quantity on a commercial basis, using credit allocations and export earnings from oil and other products.

As required under the Export and Imports Permits Act, International Trade Canada maintains Canada s Export Control List (ECL), in consultation with Foreign Affairs Canada, National Defence and other departments and agencies.

In the area of export competition, since the essential structure has been in place with regard to the commitment to total elimination of export subsidies by a specific date, negotiations have focused on parallel commitments in respect of subsidy elements in export credit, food aid and State trading enterprises.

Credit Where Credit is Due

Credit rating agencies, which play an important role in modern capital markets, completely failed in the years preceding the financial crisis.

Those problems can be addressed to an extent through the establishment of credit information systems and or government owned reporting agencies.

Indeed, the specialized agencies concerned with rural development have increasingly focused their efforts on devising ways of making credit available to women.

Investment banks and credit rating agencies believed in financial alchemy the notion that significant value could be created by slicing and dicing securities.

Credit rating agencies, institutional investors, and asset managers are encouraged to see how such factors can be incorporated into their own risk models.

Rating agencies would consider this debt exchange a credit event, but only for a very short period a matter of a few weeks.

In establishing a credit rating on a United Nations bond issue, the credit rating agencies would focus on the source and probability of timely debt service payments, in accordance with the terms applicable to the bond issue.

Women's micro credit groups, in particular, have excellent credit histories with financial institutions, proving that the urban poor can be reliable in their dealings with banks. Development agencies and financial institutions should support their continued capacity building.

Credit

Credit

Young sir, give credit where credit is due.

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