Lack of equity capital, in turn, made risk averse shareholders hire gamblers to manage their limited liability investment companies.

Investment banks like Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers got into trouble because they had too little equity capital far less than 10 .

Home grown equity investment and venture capital funds are a very recent phenomenon, occurring primarily in Mexico in the form of Sociedades de Inversion de Capitales, a tax deferred investment vehicle.

C. Investment and capital flows

Second, with banks losing substantial amounts of equity capital estimates now reach 300 billion and more the need to maintain minimum equity debt ratios will force them to curtail business lending, hindering investment demand.

Banks often oppose higher equity asset ratios, because equity capital is more expensive than debt capital. But this is precisely because of the lemon effect.

All call for substantial capital investment.

To carry out the mission and achieve the Fund's goals and objectives, the Investment Section of the Investment Management Service actively manages portfolios of equity, fixed income, real estate and short term investments, constantly analysing capital markets and investment opportunities.

The equity capital of banks urgently needs to be substantially increased.

Higher equity capital requirements, for example, require banks to fund themselves with relatively more equity and relatively less debt.

Less investment will mean less capital deepening.

They're actually participating in this capital investment.

Investment banks, in particular, are known for their minimalist equity approach.

Currently, the investment section has six investment officers who cover global equity markets and fixed income investments.

A number of delegations noted that rules regarding equity and non equity investment should be clear and readily understandable.

This capital is typically provided through equity flotation on securities markets and through venture capital firms and DFIs.

Spanish banks have 7 equity capital on average on their balance sheets.

Paragraph 13.44 In subparagraph (b), replace quot foreign direct investment quot with quot foreign portfolio equity investment quot .

The Legal Conditions of Capital Investment and Agreements

Also driving China s high investment rate is the declining efficiency of investment capital, reflected in China s high incremental capital output ratio (annual investment divided by annual output growth).

It would also oversee mergers and acquisitions in the education sector, establish its own private equity and venture capital education investment funds, and operate as a fund of funds.

And equity capital requirements for large, systemically important financial institutions remain too low.

This requires increased investment in innovation and human capital.

They will also require enhanced investment in human capital.

(vi) Aid as a proportion of total capital investment.

Likewise, economists have long noted that for countries gorging on capital inflows, there is a big difference between debt instruments and equity like investments, including both stocks and foreign direct investment.

In general, the Commission apos s proposals revolve around three broad policy areas that further the goal of social equity achieving increases in productive employment, investment in human capital and transfers.

Lastly, debt growth was somewhat restrained by the dynamism of non debt related capital movements, especially foreign direct and indirect investment (in equity capital), as well as the flow of resources to short term deposits in the region apos s banking systems, reflecting in part a repatriation of capital.

Meanwhile, the ECB has announced that it will have to double its equity capital.

Wit Studio was funded with an initial investment of 30,000,000 in capital from IG Port, Wada and Nakatake, who are reported to own 66.6 , 21.6 and 10.0 equity in the studio respectively.

They generate more investment in human capital health and education.

Typically there is an even greater shortage of venture and equity capital for new enterprises.

In earlier times, growth was fueled by capital scarcity capital investment attracted a high rate of return, and this created a virtuous circle of saving and investment.

Reflecting flawed economic arguments, India embraced autarky in trade and rejected inflows of equity investment.

Higher transactions taxes increase the cost of capital, ultimately lowering investment.

Domestic financing covered only 25 per cent of capital investment requirements.

The backbone of making investment decisions for global holders of capital.

Well, I need a little investment capital to swing the deal.

This is reflected in the current investment ratio for real capital assets of 43 of GDP, compared to 4.3 investment in human capital in the form of education.

Equity capital will increase relative to assets but, under current policies, it will increase because banks reduce their assets, not because they raise capital.

55. For firms over a certain size, sources of external equity and venture capital are critical.

Nevertheless, private equity continues to be a large and active asset class and the private equity firms, with hundreds of billions of dollars of committed capital from investors are looking to deploy capital in new and different transactions.

At the same time, since returns to capital are kept low by high wages, very little investment occurs. The excess of savings over investment flows abroad as capital exports.

This form of financing is often used by private equity investors to reduce the amount of equity capital required to finance a leveraged buyout or major expansion.

Rather, the banking system is at the brink of insolvency, with a permanent loss in equity capital.