For nothing converts cyclical unemployment into structural unemployment more certainly than prolonged unemployment.

Let us remember what structural unemployment looks like.

Rising structural unemployment will reduce labor input and efficiency.

The causes of unemployment were deep seated and structural.

Among the richest industrialized countries, structural unemployment has increased.

This may well look like structural unemployment in three years.

Hurst estimates that this structural unemployment may account for up to three percentage points of total unemployment.

Today s unemployment, after all, is structural, rather than the result of perverse incentives.

Structural poverty in Roma communities is intimately linked to poor education and unemployment.

When structural barriers to employment have diminished, unemployment benefits should revert to their old norms.

Let me be the first to say that structural unemployment is a true and severe danger.

Advanced economies will face sluggish (call it 2 ) growth and persistently high, increasingly structural (and therefore protracted) unemployment.

What is noticeable, though, is that structural unemployment the unemployment that remains even after economies have recovered has been on an upward trend over the last 25 years.

Seventh, the reasons for advanced economies high unemployment and anemic growth are structural, including the rise of competitive emerging markets.

The coexistence of high unemployment with falling inflation and no bottleneck driven price or wage spikes tells us that structural supply side explanations of America s current high unemployment are vastly overblown.

Fiscal weakness, a resetting of real estate values, and lower consumption all point to the potential for long term structural unemployment.

The public sector would have to finance higher unemployment from the State budget and therefore postpone structural reforms such as liberalization.

A longer term view is required, because the US is facing a structural adjustment challenge that will be accompanied by high unemployment.

We know that in many countries macroeconomic structural adjustment policies have exacerbated unemployment and all the other manifestations of poverty and violence.

This may well look like structural unemployment in three years. In three years, we may well see labor shortages, rising wages, and increasing prices in expanding sectors, accompanied by high unemployment elsewhere in the economy.

Without domestic structural change, currency appreciation would not only undermine exports, but might also decrease imports, owing to higher unemployment and lower income.

Reductions in the natural rate of unemployment must, according to the concept, be achieved through structural policies directed towards an economy's supply side.

That is what mismatch structural unemployment looks like and it is not what we have today, at least not in Europe and North America.

Structural unemployment, due mainly to the fluctuation in economic sectors such as construction that are highly dependent on work in Israel, poses another challenge.

Yet requiring deep fiscal cuts, privatization, and other structural reforms of the type that Greece has had to undertake risks greater unemployment and deeper recessions.

Eight to ten million people will have to shift employment from services and construction into exports and import competing goods, implying that structural unemployment will rise.

But is that true today? Does it look right now as if the biggest problem facing the economies of Europe and North America is structural unemployment?

Unemployment!

To lower growth by this magnitude at a time when the private sector has not yet completed its deleveraging cycle and governments are starting their own is to risk a prolonged period of near stagnation, which could turn crisis induced unemployment into structural unemployment.

But, over the last decade, structural changes to China s economy have caused unemployment pressure to decline significantly a trend that can be corroborated by across the board wage increases.

The high unemployment currently afflicting the North Atlantic, critics of government stimulus maintain, is not cyclical but structural, and thus cannot be alleviated by policies that boost aggregate demand.

Structural objectclass

This would produce structural unemployment to the extent that the ex construction workers could not do things in manufacturing that would make it worthwhile for manufacturing firms to hire them.

The emerging recovery, however, cannot bring a comprehensive and lasting solution to the structural problem of unemployment, and specific programmes and measures will need to be designed to address it.

Hopeless Unemployment

Unemployment grew.

Unemployment (youth)

Unemployment rate ( )

The correct implication, which Phelps repeatedly emphasized, is that governments can implement a variety of policies, particularly structural policies, to allow the economy to operate at a lower level of unemployment.

The hotel sector temporarily lost 20 per cent of its capacity and, as a result, there was a rise in short term structural unemployment, with a negative effect in related sectors.

It was recognized that, in order to reduce unemployment and enlarge growth potential, appropriate monetary and fiscal policies should be accompanied by structural reforms designed to improve the functioning of markets.

LDAP Structural objectclass

Structural adjustment programme

In virtue of the Unemployment Act she was granted unemployment benefits.

Unemployment ( of total) ____________