The consultation considered existing initiatives and standards relevant to the extractive sector, sought to clarify human rights responsibilities of business, and examined ways to strengthen protection of human rights in the extractive sector.

First, extractive industry.

In response to the resolution, the High Commissioner invited senior executives of companies and experts from the extractive sector.

The Voluntary Principles could also be directed to private security companies themselves, rather than at only the extractive sector companies.

The consultation focused on the extractive sector principally for two reasons. First, the activities of the extractive industry and their proximity to areas such as conflict zones have highlighted a series of human rights issues and challenges facing the sector which provided material for consultation and examination.

More recently, the European Parliament earlier this month approved ambitious new transparency rules for the extractive industry (including the forestry sector).

The Global Compact had also disseminated information to global audiences on the Voluntary Principles and other initiatives relating to the extractive sector.

Extractive taking raw materials from the earth.

It's called the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative.

(c) Ensuring fair relocation processes with adequate compensation given the reliance of the extractive sector on land use, the relocation of communities had been necessary in some cases.

The services industry accounted for about 33 per cent of the approvals in terms of equity value, while the extractive sector accounted for less than 2 per cent.

In particular, one NGO participant underlined the need to explore the responsibility of business to ensure free, prior and informed consent when extractive sector operations affected local and indigenous communities.

Nevertheless, it remains unclear why companies and individuals with no experience in the extractive minerals sector would consider the gold and diamond sectors in Liberia to be realistic or attractive propositions.

(d) Combating corruption and promoting transparency many participants emphasized the importance of government transparency with regard to revenues derived from the extractive sector, but also to the distribution of these revenues.

They also noted that, due to the widespread foreign firm ownership in extractive industries, higher prices and exports from this sector have also been accompanied by a rise in profit remittances.

In the new industrial revolution extractive must be replaced by renewable

In response, the British government launched the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI).

Certain Governments might react aggressively to criticism from local communities in the context of extractive sector activities, threatening human rights through unjustified violence or obstructing freedoms by inappropriately restricting public demonstration and movement

Participants suggested that the involvement of countries not directly implicated in the extractive sector could add credibility and effectiveness to initiatives (possibly through the European Union or the Group of Eight (G 8).

However, the nature of the rents generated in the extractive sector can often divert the efforts of local entrepreneurs away from wealth creation through new productive capacity into strategies for their capture and redistribution.

However, they remain largely concentrated subregionally in North Africa and sectorally in extractive industries.

EITI could also extend to cover transparency in corporate revenues gained from extractive operations.

The application of initiatives on transparency related codes of conduct in the extractive industries, such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, should be encouraged and the feasibility of their application to other sectors examined.

The Special Representative, after welcoming participants, referred to recent media coverage of the extractive industry.

Among these efforts, Equatorial Guinea supports the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative proposed by the United Kingdom.

Participants identified a range of responsibilities of business in the extractive sector, focusing on doing no harm to human rights, avoiding complicity in human rights violations and undertaking certain acts to support human rights in companies' spheres of influence .

Individual extractive companies had also collaborated with the Global Compact to provide case studies of dilemma situations.

What are the responsibilities of the State in the context of the activities of the extractive industry?

Privatization and deregulation did attract some FDI, albeit mainly to extractive sectors or the acquisition of public utilities.

What are the main challenges to human rights in the context of the activities of the extractive industry?

Recently, surges of FDI into the extractive sector in some African countries have spurred growth recoveries and have been welcomed as a potential source of increased employment, government revenues and foreign exchange and as a catalyst for a more diversified industrialization path.

As was suggested earlier, some of the most pressing policy challenges from hosting FDI in Africa are in the extractive sector, where the investment profit nexus remains strongly outwardly oriented, upgrading has been limited and the challenges of diversification have not been met.

Likewise, Section 1504 of the United States 2010 Dodd Frank Act contains rules on transparency in the extractive industry.

Services account for 53 of Peruvian gross domestic product, followed by manufacturing (22.3 ), extractive industries (15 ), and taxes (9.7 ).

Marine wildlife tourism generates many times more revenues from non extractive activities, such as visits to intact marine habitats.

Finally, EITI could also be extended to promote transparency in revenues from other sectors, not only the extractive industry

Countries without a significant extractive industry presence could also become more involved in initiatives and standards in the area.

On the business side, the major international extractive companies have started to acknowledge the value and necessity of greater transparency.

Its findings were quite sobering the African continent received very low levels of FDI flows, mostly in the extractive sectors.

In this context, a study on the issue of extractive industries and the human rights impacts of mining was proposed.

The oil, gas and mining companies constituting the extractive industry have a significant impact on the enjoyment of human rights.

Importantly, States have a legal obligation to protect human rights in the context of the activities of the extractive industry.

For example, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative recently improved its global standard by requiring disclosure of corporate payments and government revenues.

On 10 and 11 November 2005, the High Commissioner convened in Geneva a consultation on Human rights and the extractive industry .

(d) Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative an initiative aimed to increase transparency in payments by companies to Governments and Government linked agencies