The reduction related mainly to air transportation costs.

A 6.7 per cent reduction in local costs is also proposed.

The reduction in support costs revenue was anticipated in the programme budget.

(b) Effectively deliver programme goals and contribute to the reduction of transaction costs

The proposed redeployment results in reduction of staff costs in the amount of 729,000.

Proposals for non traditional sources of funding included arrangements for recuperation of costs, self financing, and reduction of management and administrative costs.

(g) Further reduction of transaction costs for Governments and other partners dealing with the United Nations

It offers qualified manpower to produce quality goods, reduction of production costs by 10 15 per cent, and relatively low labour costs and production overheads.

Savings under helicopter hire charter costs are attributable to the renegotiation of the rental costs of eight Cobra helicopters, resulting in a reduction of 3,303,940.

Updated requirements under operational costs reflect a reduction of 1,131,200 in comparison with the initial estimate of 1,795,200.

The cost reduction impact element measures the costs avoided or minimized through implementation of a management improvement measure.

The reduction includes the related impact on operational and other non staff costs of the Committee's recommendations on posts.

The reduction in the estimated costs of external audit reflects a reduced provision by the Board of Auditors ( 27,000).

This eliminated travel costs, resulting in an overall reduction of annual expenditure for such interviews from 25,500 to 4,500.

This increase in costs is offset by a reduction in what would otherwise have been required for contractual services.

The reduction under salaries ( 3,500,000) and common staff costs ( 1,399,900) is attributed to the delays in deployment of staff.

A further reduction of 20 is expected by mid March 1994 with estimated separation indemnity costs of some 400,000.

The result was a dramatic reduction in the British state s borrowing costs and the emergence of a well functioning capital market, which caused private borrowing costs to fall as well.

The first claim unit is for reduction in crop yields and the second claim unit is for claim preparation costs.

This would encourage budgetary discipline and fiscal responsibility in the Secretariat by targeting for reduction unnecessary programmes and administrative costs.

This would encourage budgetary discipline and fiscal responsibility in the Secretariat, by targeting for reduction unnecessary programmes and administrative costs

This could be an explicit devaluation or an implicit one due to a price reduction, made possible by the reduction in unit production costs resulting from the extra working time at constant pay.

A reduction in unit labor costs can also increase competitiveness only to the extent that it actually results in price reductions.

Long term government bond yields are already very low, and a further reduction will not significantly change private agents borrowing costs.

Non staff costs for travel on official business was lower than expected due the reduction in the number of planned missions.

The Advisory Committee had been informed that because of the difference in costs between Baghdad and Amman, salary costs had decreased considerably however, because of the relocation of ESCWA, common staff costs had increased, thereby resulting in the net reduction of 5.1 million.

A rapid reduction in unit labor costs, through structural reforms that increased productivity growth in excess of wages, is just as unlikely.

A reduction in borrowing costs constituted a powerful motive in the 1990 s for southern European governments to join the monetary union.

But hints of new fiscal imprudence or of backsliding on long term debt consolidation and reduction can drive up borrowing costs dramatically.

The decrease under general operating expenses is due, inter alia, to reduction under communications, maintenance of vehicles and freight and related costs.

The reduction in programme support revenue is also explained by a sharp reduction in allocations to the Department from UNDP and UNFPA and the introduction of a new support costs regime by UNDP during 1992.

The provision under audit costs reflected a reduction in the costs of both external and internal audit, reflecting the resource levels recommended by the Board of Auditors and the Office of Internal Oversight Services.

The use of banks and other financial institutions by receivers and senders of remittances would also contribute to the reduction of transfer costs.

(c) Increased inputs and greater costs where farmers, out of necessity, attempt to combat reduction in yields with increased inputs, primarily of fertilizers

Workload costs Workload costs Workload costs

But, as productivity is much higher in Germany, an effective reduction of hourly labor costs by uncompensated increases in working hours seems worth trying.

This resulted in a reduction in income from support costs from UNDP from 4.3 million in 1990 1991 to 3 million in 1992 1993.

The effect of the above recommendations on budget line 2 quot Civilian personnel costs quot of the cost estimates is a reduction of 380,900.

The Advisory Committee anticipates a reduction of the support component costs after completion of the construction and transfer to the new headquarters, with emphasis shifting from start up activities and costs to the maintenance of the facilities.

costs costs Total

CEB members remain doubtful, however, about the automaticity of a reduction in transaction costs and point out that different country situations demand different flexible approaches.

The reduction of 46,900 in the costs of internal audit is the net effect of the request made by the Office of Internal Oversight Services.

reduction

reduction

Reduction .