Necessity is the mother of invention.

Necessity is the mother of evolution.

And there's inventing, and inventing is the best!

What's the next one on your list?

All of our patents, our entire approach to patents and invention, is based on the idea that the inventor knows what the invention is for we can say what it's for.

Quick to assemble. It's got a flap, that's the invention.

But the theme of this session, of course, is invention.

Quick to assemble. It's got a flap that's the invention.

Second, the practice of patent holding companies have changed.

The patents on those drugs were held by a number of Western pharmaceutical companies that were not necessarily willing to make those patents available.

All of our patents, our entire approach to patents and invention, is based on the idea that the inventor knows what the invention is for we can say what it's for.

It isn't only the number of drugs that are patented.

The second is 'infinite computing', and that's to harness the power of cloud computing so that we can improve those digital models to create better stuff.

There is none here.

I've looked for innovation cycles in space I found none.

Luckily, those patents did not exist everywhere.

So surely if a patent pool could be established to ramp up the production of military airplanes, we should be able to do something similar to tackle the HlV AlDS epidemic.

Patent holders, inventors that develop new medicines patent those inventions, but make those patents available to the Medicines Patent Pool.

They pay royalties over the sales to the patent holders, so they are remunerated for sharing their intellectual property.

The factories of the Industrial Revolution spurred innovation and an economic boom in America.

What we're seeing is a complete corruption of the idea of patents and copyright.

They also had taken out numerous patents on essential parts of the airplane.

Clearly this led to patent wars breaking out all over the globe.

We invent for fun invention is a lot of fun to do and we also invent for profit.

The company, Gilead, that holds the patents, has licensed the intellectual property to the Medicines Patent Pool.

So we embarked upon the reinvention around an electrochemical engine, the fuel cell, hydrogen as the energy carrier.

Despite his patent, other planters easily built copies of his machine, or made improvements of their own.

It's not that innovation and technology is going to be the magic pill that cures all, but it's going to be part of the solution.

Today, all countries are obliged to provide patents for pharmaceuticals that last at least 20 years.

The patents on those drugs were held by a number of Western pharmaceutical companies that were not necessarily willing to make those patents available.

They have trademark protection, but no copyright protection and no patent protection to speak of.

Keep that in mind. I put down innovation I've looked for innovation cycles in space I found none.

Here you see the patent practices before the World Trade Organization's rules, before '95, before antiretroviral drugs.

Here's the biggie, and that is, you don't have innovation cycles if the government develops and the government uses it.

This has inspired the design of the first self cleaning dry adhesive the patent issued, we're happy to say.

And that's sort of like the novelty standard for a U.S. patent, which fashion designers never get rarely get here in the states.

And the third one is perhaps the most surprising, and that's a trend called 'rapid fabrication'.

Talk very briefly about innovation cycles, things that grow, have a lot of activity they die out when they're replaced by something else.

I'm going to put it in this invention that we came up with called the Spikerbox and this replaces lots of expensive equipment in a research lab, so you guys can do this in your own high schools, or in your own basements if it's me.

This invention will reduce global energy consumption by allowing remote control and automation of every outlet in every home and business.

The U.S. government decided to take action, and forced those patent holders to make their patents available to share with others to enable the production of airplanes.

I was teaching a patent law class to my students and explaining to them how a single person in the bureaucracy has the power to make a decision about which patent application becomes the next patent, and therefore monopolizes for 20 years the rights over an entire field of inventive activity.

Out of adversity can come innovation, and how can we help the ambitious coders and makers in Kenya to be resilient in the face of problematic infrastructure?

The U.S. government decided to take action, and forced those patent holders to make their patents available to share with others to enable the production of airplanes.

So surely if a patent pool could be established to ramp up the production of military airplanes, we should be able to do something similar to tackle the HIV AIDS epidemic.