Traditional shoemakers used more than 15 different techniques of making shoes.

The only people who come to the house these days... are tradesmen with unpaid bills shoemakers, tailors, dozens of others.

An oppressed tribe of Ostjuden, destitute immigrants from the shattered communities of Eastern Europe, was transformed in just two generations from God fearing shoemakers, tailors, and wandering peddlers into a community of writers, philosophers, scientists, and tycoons.

The example of European Jewry is not entirely irrelevant. An oppressed tribe of Ostjuden, destitute immigrants from the shattered communities of Eastern Europe, was transformed in just two generations from God fearing shoemakers, tailors, and wandering peddlers into a community of writers, philosophers, scientists, and tycoons.