1. Foreign currency costs (in United States dollars)

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Reserves of foreign currency provide a small return in interest.

b Total public debt denominated in pesos and foreign currency.

Borrowing in domestic currency avoids the risks associated with currency mismatches and pro cyclical foreign capital flows.

Debt instruments linked to a foreign currency

According to SAFE, individuals and institutions exchanged 152.2 billion in foreign currency for renminbi through Chinese banks in March, and purchased 107.6 billion in foreign currency from financial institutions.

Some contractors were paid in foreign currency (United States dollars) when the nature of their services did not require travel that would entitle them to be paid in foreign currency.

Emerging markets need foreign currency and, therefore, external support.

Interest rates had decreased significantly for domestic and foreign currency.

quot (g) Monthly statements of gold and foreign currency reserves

Since the amount of foreign reserves available to defend a weak currency (a currency in low demand) is limited, a currency crisis or devaluation could be the end result.

It has paid off its foreign debt and built up foreign currency reserves of 450 billion.

Foreign currency costs relate to foreign currency requirements for air travel to facilitate people to people exchanges and are expected to be funded from third party contributions.

In 2002, China reinitiated liberalization efforts, lifting restrictions on Chinese enterprises ability to open foreign currency bank accounts, and allowing residents both to open foreign currency accounts and to convert the renminbi equivalent of 50,000 annually into foreign currencies.

Regulations on foreign investments and currency exchange were being improved in order to provide favourable conditions for foreign investment in the Russian economy.

I. The reception, brokerage, and investment of third parties' funds in Brazilian or foreign currency

Thus, foreign currency costs might be calculated as follows for 500 exchanges in one year

Gold and foreign currency reserves are increasing, implying appreciation of the ruble.

The ECB can curb the euro s appreciation through purchases of foreign currency.

Indeed, in September alone, China s foreign currency reserves increased by almost 100 billion compared to August.

By contrast, less developed countries that borrow in foreign currencies may run out of currency reserves.

At the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), some contractors were paid in foreign currency (United States dollars) when the nature of their services did not require travel that would entitle them to be paid in foreign currency (para. 241).

A higher foreign currency LDR will mean tighter restrictions on long renminbi positions.

The purchase and sale of foreign currency or gold as a financial asset

Ironically, today s pain stems from one of the great successes that emerging economies have achieved the reduction of foreign currency funding in favor of local currency debt.

Currency mismatches caused by the build up of enormous amounts of foreign currency denominated debt were also identified as a major source of instability in developing countries.

Other positive aspects notwithstanding, the presence of foreign banks is associated with currency mismatches.

The central bank buys less foreign currency, and thus issues fewer rubles, reducing inflation.

Finally, a loss on foreign exchange transactions owing to currency fluctuations resulted in higher expenditure in the relevant line item.

As foreign firms exporting to China accepted payment in renminbi, the currency piled up in their bank accounts in Hong Kong.

Australian law requires all transfers of physical currency into or out of the country of AUD 10,000 or more, or the equivalent in foreign currency, to be reported to AUSTRAC.

7. During the period under review, foreign currency deposits represented the major area of growth.

We have seen enhanced credit support, credit easing, quantitative easing, interventions in currency and securities markets, and the provision of liquidity in foreign currency to name but a few of the measures taken.

In fact, quantitative easing is a more effective tool to weaken a currency, as foreign exchange intervention is usually sterilized.

At the source, capital requirements for currency mismatches in portfolios, together with margin requirements on foreign exchange derivatives, make sense.

But foreign currency speculators and international investors are not looking forward to either of these scenarios.

Developing nations should also push for a Tobin tax a tax on global foreign currency transactions.

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Proponents of this movement argued that our Republic would thus save sufficient capital in foreign currency to solve other economic problems.

If allowing a currency to appreciate freely is costly, the second option is unsterilized foreign exchange intervention.

He built up enormous foreign currency reserves, which cushioned the blow of the 2008 global economic crisis.

To preserve its precious foreign currency reserves, Egypt needs the US and its allies to provide foodstuffs.

This was especially true of over the counter markets for foreign currency, securities, derivatives and repurchase agreements.

Several speakers pointed out the importance of avoiding the accumulation of foreign currency denominated debt and borrowing in local currency as a hedge against foreign exchange rate risk. According to a number of ministers, a decisive effort should also be made to develop the domestic financial sector.