Sodium salicylate is commercially prepared by treating sodium phenolate (the sodium salt of phenol) with carbon dioxide at high pressure (100 atm) and high temperature (390K) a method known as the Kolbe Schmitt reaction.

Sodium inside, some sodium outside.

Sodium

Sodium

So sodium I'll do sodium as a positive.

Sodium Chloride.

Sodium Pentothal.

Sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solution.

Valproic acid (Depakine), divalproex sodium (Depakote), and sodium valproate (Depacon, Epilim) Available in extended release form.

Product Sodium pyrophosphate

Sodium potassium pumps.

like sodium chloride.

or sodium Pentothal.

Sodium would look and then you'd have a bunch of sodium is positive.

The sodium content (in mass percent) of MSG 12 percent is about one third of that in sodium chloride (39 percent).

If you have sodium...

Let's say sodium hydroxide.

So this is sodium potassium pumps.

So the general idea Sodium bonds.

You have sodium being pumped out.

The sodium makes the door revolve.

The next thing is sodium chloride.

To OH minus plus sodium cation.

Sodium wants to lose its one electron in its valence shell.

But so sodium concentration becomes low here.

It makes food salty, or sodium chloride.

Sodium chloride's actually quite a large molecule.

You produce hydroxide and some sodium cations.

I'm going to draw sodium like this.

And that's done by sodium potassium pumps.

This method is used to prepare sodium perchlorate.

The same thing is if you have sodium.

Maybe you have more sodium on this side than you have on this side, so sodium is more likely to bond here.

So it'll be a more stable state. So if you put sodium in the presence of chlorine, what's going to happen? This electron wants to jump off of sodium real bad so that sodium can have eight electrons in its outermost shell, or have an electron configuration like argon.

So if we're actively pumping out sodium over here on the basolateral side, then we're going to have a low sodium concentration here.

I won't go into the exact molecular sizes, but maybe sodium let's do sodium which actually, just as a review, which is larger.

All animals require sodium, but some plants do not.

I'm just gonna write that here Low sodium diet .

So you can imagine, we're actively pumping out sodium.

Now, you have sodium and potassium ions floating around.

Sodium chloride solid so solid salt, plus liquid water,

When the voltage gets high enough, it's very similar to a sodium gated or a sodium voltage gated channel is that if it becomes positive enough near the gate, it will open up and when it opens up, it allows calcium ions to flood into the cell.

It's just like the sodium potassium pumps, but it's good to know in the resting state, you have a high concentration of calcium ions out here and it's all driven by ATP.

Because we're using ATP to drive sodium against its concentration gradient to keep pumping the sodium out of the cell, and then potassium kind of comes in, you could almost imagine, passively.

The main nitrates are ammonium, sodium, potassium, and calcium salts.