Harvey Cushing, who really developed neurosurgery as we know it, who changed it from a field of medicine that had a majority of deaths resulting from surgery to one in which there was a hopeful outlook, he was very conscious that he was not always going to do the right thing.

Is it dental surgery you want? General surgery you want?

We've been able to see every single nerve.

Exactly. That's because it soothes the nerves.

So this is gallbladder surgery.

This is a cancer surgery.

A heart surgery.

And what I'm talking about are nerves.

Here's one example

He might need surgery

That's such a big surgery.

You then performed surgery upon the plaintiff?

We have been able to see nerves for facial expression, for facial movement, for breathing every single nerve nerves for urinary function around the prostate.

What about the nerve that's going into this tumor?

Quyen Nguyen Color coded surgery

Narrator Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery.

So she chose to have facial surgery.

How convenient. Plastic surgery?

The hell it isn't. I'm a surgeon.

So, I met with a top neurosurgeon.

The house surgeon had to operate.

Yes! Have my brain cut.

Nerves are yellow, arteries are red, veins are blue.

This was recently done with a neuroscientific twist.

So as I said, neurosurgery comes from a long tradition.

I understand. It can happen if you're in a surgery, don't worry.

I had a major heart operation.

I did brain surgery in the middle of the night.

You forget, I got to operate on your face tomorrow.

And we eventually discovered molecules that were specifically labeling nerves.

Reconstructive surgery is one method of treatment.

Who gets safe surgery and who doesn't?

And we have better than surgery results in breasts.

And your face is pretty as it is... so don't get surgery on it.

We can say there are patients who choose to have facial surgery

What plastic surgery could do for you!

I wanted to become a surgeon.

Like, just a couple of weeks ago, neuroscientists at MlT figured out how to break habits in rats just by controlling neural activity in a specific part of their brain.

Tom Treasure, professor of cardiothoracic surgery.

The last of the series of injuries required major elbow surgery.

Ideally you would love to do all this non invasively.

Dr. Einstein almost operated on me earlier.

Neurosurgical advances always pursue minimalism. As in any other surgical field, the less the procedure interferes with the body, the less likely it is to affect the patient s quality of life adversely, and the sooner the patient will be able to return to normal activity.

Nerves, if they are injured, can cause paralysis, can cause pain.

So when I started in neuroscience 11 years ago,